Gerardo Hernández,
Ramón Labañino, Fernando González, Antonio Guerrero and René
González had not even been born or were still toddlers when the anti-Cuba
terrorism promoted by Washington was already bringing death and destruction upon
their people. They belong to a generation of Cubans who have had to live their
entire lives under the most relentless, insidious and prolonged war ever waged
against any nation.
There are many reasons to be in solidarity with these heroes in light of the shocking
injustices committed against them and against their families. But there is one
thing in particular that brings us to turn all our efforts toward their freedom
in a veritable national battle, as it has to do, literally, with an entire people's
right to exist.
The case of the Five is irrefutable proof that this war - and particularly, its
most appalling form of terrorism - not only continues today but also is intended
to continue forever, even threatening those Cubans yet to be born.
The arbitrary arrest of our five compatriots on September 12 1998; the brutal
conditions to which they were subjected in prison; the abundant manipulations
and violations of the legal proceedings; the verdicts; the sentences; the cruel
treatment that they are still receiving; the almost total silence of the mainstream
media; all this points to the conclusion that the United States intends to continue
to promote terrorism against Cuba. This is why they so brutally punish those who
dared to face the terrorists and make sure that their so-called "free"
- or "disciplined", as Noam Chomsky accurately calls it - press remains
silent.
Everything is well documented.
During the period that preceded the public hearings in the Miami court that heard
the case, the South Florida Federal Attorney General's tried hard to protect the
terrorist groups that operate against Cuba from that city. It asked that the issue
of terrorism be completely excluded from the hearings, that the members of the
terrorist groups not be called to testify, and that if they were, their testimonies
be protected under the Fifth Amendment (so nothing could be revealed). All this
is recorded in official documents, along with the recognition of their crimes
by some of the terrorists themselves and the evidence presented by the defense.
As if that were not enough, both the Court and the Government openly declared
that the goal of the "trial" was to protect these terrorist groups.
The government did this by asking in formal written petitions that the defendants
not only receive the maximum possible sentence but also by requesting that they
be prevented from carrying out acts against terrorism once they are set free.
The Judge acceded to these petitions, saying in her sentence that: ""As
a further special condition of supervised release the defendant is prohibited
from associating with or visiting specific places where individuals or groups
such as terrorists, members of organizations advocating violence, and organized
crime figures are know to be or frequent".(Transcript of Sentencing Hearing
Before The Honorable Joan A. Lenard 12/14/01 .Pages 42-43 and 45-46)
The Five had originally been accused of conspiracy to commit espionage. They were
described as spies by the local authorities and the media in Miami, who condemned
them without hesitation from the day they were arrested. However, no evidence
was ever submitted: documents, secret material that they might have had, or any
witness saying that these men sought classified information. On the contrary,
witnesses in authority - generals, admirals, and colonels in retirement, who carried
out high responsibilities in the US armed forces and security agencies - declared
under oath that none of the defendants had done anything approaching these charges.
They had not committed espionage, neither had they attempted to do so, nor had
they been instructed to do so.
An additional, more outrageous and absurd charge was brought against Gerardo Hernández:
conspiracy to commit murder. He was portrayed as being responsible for the deaths
of those who lost their lives on February 24th, 1996 in an incident that occurred
when the Cuban Air Force - exercising Cuba's legitimate right to protect its national
sovereignty - shot down two small aircraft that belonged to a well-known terrorist
group. This Miami based group had violated Cuban airspace on countless occasions,
carrying out sabotage and subversive activities against Cuba.
Regardless of the fact that the whole regrettable incident was not a case of murder,
but a direct result of Washington's aggressive policy toward Cuba leading to the
island's inalienable right and obligation to defend itself, Gerardo had absolutely
nothing to do with what happened that day.
The charge brought against Gerardo demonstrates the real motivation behind this
whole case and the absolute lack of ethics on the part of the US authorities.
This charge was added in May 1999; a full eight months after the five Cubans had
been arrested and, by the way, had spent all that time in solitary confinement.
The new charge came after they had been formally accused of other charges and
after media outlets in Miami reported on meetings between the Prosecution and
members of anti-Cuba terrorist groups, in which the latter openly requested that
this charge be added to the list of other false and outrageous accusations.
This new and irresponsible slander was also proven false during the trial, in
which irrefutable evidence was introduced proving the continued violations of
the Cuban airspace - including the day of the regrettable incident - as well as
the subversive activities and terrorist plots carried out by the Miami group in
question. Irrefutable evidence was also presented that proved the US Government
equally guilty, as it knew well before hand of this new provocation and did nothing
to prevent it. Obviously, the prosecutors failed to present any evidence whatsoever
against Gerardo --no witnesses, nothing to link him to what happened that day.
On May 25, 2001, as the trial was about to conclude, the US Government took a
totally unprecedented step. It filed an emergency motion to the Court of Appeals
in Atlanta requesting that it direct the Miami Court to change its accusation,
admitting that "in light of the evidence presented in this trial, this presents
an insurmountable hurdle for the United Sates in this case, and will likely result
in the failure of the prosecution on this court" (page 21, Emergency Petition
for Writ of Prohibition). In other words, they were forced to admit what they
had always known: that they didn't have a shred of evidence to support the charge
that Gerardo had murdered anyone. The US authorities always knew that they could
never prove such an outrageous falsehood. At the time they added the charge in
the early stage of the legal process, they simply wanted to fulfill the desire
for revenge of the anti-Cuba terrorist groups in Miami and provide them with yet
another element to further inflame the anti-Cuba atmosphere in Miami to make an
impartial and fair trial totally impossible.
The Court did not accept the prosecutors' petition and consequently the jury was
forced to decide whether Gerardo was guilty or innocent of the charge brought
against him two years before. Then, something occurred that could only happen
in a Miami court. The jury, without even hesitating, raising any doubt or asking
for any clarification, acted with unusual swiftness and found Gerardo guilty of
first degree murder. That is to say, they found him guilty of a charge that the
Prosecution itself had attempted to withdraw.
As for the jury's behavior - mirrored by that of the Judge and the Prosecution
- they did nothing but confirm what was already obvious: Miami could never provide
an objective judgment of the Cuban Revolution and its representatives. How can
this be ignored given the fact that bombs have exploded and people have been threatened
and hurt for simply expressing their desire to attend concerts given by Cuban
singer Rosita Fornés or the Los Van Van musical group? How can this be
ignored when in Miami a painting by Cuban artist Mendive was destroyed with Nazi-like
fury in the middle of the street - the same place where then six-year old Elián
González was kidnapped for four months in complete disregard of the position
of the US Government, the Court, US law and human decency? How can anyone ignore
the fact that the Grammy's ceremony was moved on two consecutive occasions out
of Miami, because the organizers feared for the safety of participating artists?
From the very moment our five compatriots were faced with a judicial process this
has been precisely the key question to be solved. Their lawyers requested their
right - under the US Constitution and law - for their trial to be held somewhere
else where an impartial jury could be found. The Prosecution stubbornly opposed
the defense request, alleging that Miami is something other than it really is.
Without even a blush, they asserted that Miami could perfectly well provide an
impartial, fair trial in the case of these five Cuban patriots, whose only crime
was to damage the interests of the anti-Cuba terrorist groups that rule over that
entire city. In spite of the insistence of both the defendants and their lawyers
- the latter frequently complaining to the jury about the tremendous pressures
exerted on the defendants and their relatives - the Judge took the Government's
side and denied the Five their elemental right. She ruled that the trial should
take place in Miami. Upon announcing her decision, the judge made a statement
on March 16, 2000 as surprising as it is clarifying: "This trial will be
more interesting than any TV program."
On November 12th, 2002 Leonard Weinglass, Antonio Guerrero's attorney, supported
by the other defense attorneys, requested that the Miami court dismiss the sentence
and hold a new trial in another city.
The main reason for the motion was the Prosecution and the Judge's improper behavior
when handling the original request by the Defense, who had had requested a change
of venue several times since January 2000.
The Florida Federal District Attorney's Office had strongly opposed a change of
venue. However, a year later, on June 25, 2002, when it was prosecuted in a civil
lawsuit (Ramirez vs. Ashcroft), the same District Attorney's Office requested
a change of venue using the same arguments that the defense attorneys for the
Five had put forward.
The legal precedent used in both cases was the same: Pamplin vs. Mason, 1968.
When it was used by Antonio Guerrero, the District Attorney argued that Miami-Dade
County was an "urban center" that is "extremely heterogeneous"
and "politically non-monolithic" with "great diversity" and
therefore it was possible to provide the Five a fair and impartial trial free
of "external influence". Yet, when the District Attorney's office was
the defendant it testified that in relation to Cuba, there existed "profound
sentiments of prejudice rooted" in Miami-Dade County that made a fair and
impartial trial "virtually impossible".
The Judge committed a number of violations that contributed to depriving the accused
of their most basic rights in the manner in which she treated the testimony of
Professor Moran, an expert hired by the Court at the request of the Defense. She
violated the ex parte nature of this request by communicating it to the Prosecution;
she hid the fact that she had prior contact with Moran; she delayed and manipulated
payment for his services; she rejected his findings with superficial and false
arguments; and she manipulated his data which found that a change of venue should
take place. By denying the Defense request for this change of venue, therefore,
she both ignored and contradicted Federal Law.
The Motion demanding a new trial that was presented before the court in Miami,
analyzed with judicial rigor these violations of the Judge and the Attorney General's
office and attached documents and sworn declarations that fully proved the fairness
of the petition and the need for a new trial outside Miami, which, given the new
evidence, was clearly in the interests of justice.
Gerardo Hernández, Ramón Labañino, Antonio Guerrero, Fernando
González y René González, are not only heroes of the Republic
of Cuba, but also of culture. They are five intellectuals that think and create
under the most hostile and difficult circumstances. They are five intellectuals
that have been imprisoned for their ideals - ideals that, without guns or violence,
they used to fight against terrorists that act with impunity. They selflessly
used their intelligence and talent in this battle armed only with their convictions
and an admirable spirit of sacrifice.
From this harsh injustice and imprisonment they continue to fight. They do not
stop drawing and writing. In verse and prose they communicate with thousands of
people around the world. The message they send - actively supported by the international
movement for their freedom - is an invaluable cultural contribution. Nobody can
imprison a free and creative spirit.
January 2nd, 2003-03-02
(Afterword to the
book Cicatrices en la Memoria (Scarred Memories), published by Capitán
San Luis Publishing House, which includes stories and cartoons by Cuban writers
and artists on anti-Cuba terrorist acts over the last four decades.
The text of this book, unlike most film credits, refers directly to people and
events that are real. By reading this book we once again experience the anguish
and pain that will always accompany each and every one of us.)